Hernias occur when an organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in a surrounding muscle or connective tissue. While hernias vary in size & severity, a commonly asked question among patients is: What size of hernia requires surgery, and when should it be performed?
Before diving deep into the specifics of surgery, let’s quickly understand what hernias are. They can occur in various body parts, with the most common being the abdomen. There are various types which include:
- Inguinal Hernias – occur in the inner groin
- Incisional Hernias – develop at the site of previous surgical incision
- Femoral Hernias- occur just below the groin, in the upper thigh
- Umbilical Hernias- occur near the belly button
- Hiatal Hernias – develop at the opening of the diaphragm
- Diaphragmatic Hernias – occur in other areas of diaphragm beyond the esophageal hiatus
Size & Symptoms : A Major Determinant
The decision to operate is not solely based on the size of the hernia. Often, the presence and severity of symptoms play a crucial role. Smaller hernias that do not show any symptoms might not require immediate surgery & can be monitored. However, larger hernias or those causing symptoms like severe pain or discomfort often require surgical intervention.
Why is Surgery Critical for Larger Hernias?
Larger hernias carry risks, such as increased discomfort, the potential for the organ to become trapped (incarcerated), or worse, the blood supply being cut off (strangulation), which is a medical emergency.
Timing of Surgery: A Delicate Balance
The timing of surgery is a critical decision that should be made collaboratively between the patient and the Surgeon. It depends on several factors, including the hernia’s size, symptom severity, the patient’s overall health, and the risk of complications.
For most hernias, surgery is elective, meaning it’s planned in advance. This option is often viable when hernias are larger or symptomatic but not immediately life-threatening.
However, hernias that become incarcerated or strangulated require urgent surgery. Delaying surgery in these cases can lead to serious complications. Watch this video where Dr. Parthasarathy explains when Hernia Surgery can be postponed safely.
What are the Surgical Options ?
When surgery is necessary, there are generally two options.
Open Surgery
This involves a single, larger incision through which the surgeon repairs the hernia.
Laparoscopic Surgery
A minimally invasive treatment method that involves making small incisions & special instruments. It’s known for quicker recovery times and less postoperative pain.
Deciding when a hernia requires surgery involves considering various factors, not just the hernia’s size. The presence of symptoms, potential risks, and overall health are critical in this decision-making process. Early consultation with a surgeon is crucial for timely and effective treatment.
If you have been diagnosed with hernia or are experiencing any symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice. Early intervention can help prevent complications.
